Unani medicine, often known as Unani Tibb or Greco-Arabic medicine, is one of the oldest medical systems in the world. Rooted in ancient Greek teachings and refined by Persian and Arab scholars, Unani has stood the test of time and is still widely practiced, especially in South Asia. But what exactly is Unani treatment? How does it work, and what makes it different from other alternative healing systems?
In this detailed article, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about Unani treatment — its origins, principles, therapies, and how it continues to contribute to holistic health today.
What is Unani Medicine?
Unani medicine is a traditional healing system that emphasizes the balance of the four bodily humors: blood (Dam), phlegm (Balgham), yellow bile (Safra), and black bile (Sauda). The word Unani comes from the Greek word “Ionian,” reflecting its Greek origins. Over centuries, it was enriched by Islamic scholars and practitioners, making it a well-structured system of medicine.
Unlike modern medicine that often targets symptoms, Unani focuses on restoring balance in the body by addressing the root cause of illness.
Core Principles of Unani System
The Unani system is based on several guiding principles that define its approach to health and disease:
Methods of Unani Treatment
Unani therapy includes a wide range of techniques aimed at purifying the body, correcting imbalances, and strengthening immunity. Some of the most popular methods are:
Regimental Therapy (Ilaj Bil Tadbeer)
This includes natural techniques like:
- Hijama (Cupping)
- Massage (Dalak)
- Steam therapy (Hammam)
- Exercise (Riyazat)
- Emesis (Qai)
Leeching (Taleeq) These are used to detoxify the body and restore energy flow.
Dietotherapy (Ilaj Bil Ghiza)
Food is seen as medicine. Diet plans are customized according to the individual’s temperament and condition. Certain foods are used to balance specific humors.
Pharmacotherapy (Ilaj Bil Dawa)
Herbal medicines are prescribed from a vast catalog of natural ingredients like saffron, senna, black seed, and licorice. These medicines are usually prepared in forms like syrups, decoctions, powders, and pastes.
Surgery (Ilaj Bil Yad)
While not as advanced as modern surgical methods, Unani practitioners do perform minor surgeries when needed, especially for conditions like fistula and hemorrhoids.
Common Ailments Treated by Unani Medicine
Unani has shown effectiveness in treating both chronic and acute conditions such as:
- Digestive issues (indigestion, constipation)
- Skin disorders (eczema, psoriasis)
- Joint pain and arthritis
- Hormonal imbalances
- Infertility and menstrual disorders
- Stress, anxiety, and insomnia
- Respiratory problems (asthma, bronchitis)
Benefits of Unani Treatment
- ✅ Natural & Holistic: Uses herbal formulations with fewer side effects.
- ✅ Personalized Care: Every treatment is tailored to the individual’s temperament.
- ✅ Preventive Approach: Emphasis on lifestyle correction to avoid diseases.
- ✅ Detoxification Therapies: Effective regimens to cleanse the body.
- ✅ Cost-Effective: Generally more affordable compared to modern medicine.
Is Unani Safe?
When practiced by a qualified Hakim (Unani physician), this system is generally safe and effective. Since Unani uses natural herbs and therapies, the side effects are minimal. However, self-medication or use without proper diagnosis is not recommended.
Unani in the Modern World
In India, Unani is recognized by the AYUSH Ministry and is taught in several reputed medical colleges. With growing awareness about alternative and holistic healing, Unani is gaining popularity globally.
In recent years, research and modernization efforts have improved standardization of Unani drugs, making it more accessible to urban populations. Hospitals and wellness centers are now integrating Unani with modern diagnostics for better results.
